Results were expressed as the measurement error. Fifteen dentists independently measured the distance from the end of the file to the apical foramen. The teeth were imaged with the six digital systems and dental X-ray film. Endodontic files, ranging in size from size 8 to size 20, were glued in place at random distances from the apical foramina spanning a range of +/- 3 mm. A total of 45 canals in teeth from human cadavers were instrumented to their apical foramina. Sensors from six digital imaging systems were compared for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), modulation transfer function (MTF) and detective quantum efficiency (DQE). To examine the feasibility of substituting observers determining the accuracy of endodontic measurements for measurements of physical qualities in comparison of digital imaging systems.
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